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VOO vs VOOG: S&P 500 or S&P 500 Growth?

VOOG takes the growth half of the S&P 500 and throws away the value half. In the last decade that was a massive tailwind; over longer horizons the outcome is less clear.

TL;DR

VOOG holds ~240 S&P 500 growth stocks (heavy mega-cap tech). VOO holds all 500. VOOG has outperformed VOO significantly in the growth-led 2015-2024 decade. Expense ratios are similar (0.03% VOO, 0.10% VOOG). Yields favor VOO slightly because growth stocks pay less.

Quick stats

MetricVOOVOOG
Price$652.78$462.76
TTM yield1.09%0.48%
Real yield (NAV-adj.)1.51%0.71%
NAV change (period)38.2%49.3%
Annualized volatility1327.2%1710.8%
Distribution frequencyquarterlyquarterly
Expense ratio0.03%0.10%
Inception2010-09-072010-09-07
AUM~$500B~$13B
1Y dividend CAGR5.4%21.6%
3Y dividend CAGR5.9%3.4%
5Y dividend CAGR5.9%1.4%
5Y price CAGR11.3%13.0%

Strategy & holdings

S&P divides the 500 into 'growth' and 'value' halves based on sales growth, earnings change to price ratio, and momentum. VOOG owns the growth half — weighted toward Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, Alphabet, Amazon. VOO owns everything. A stock can appear in both VOOG and its counterpart VOOV (S&P 500 Value) if it has mixed characteristics.

VOOVanguard S&P 500 ETF

Full S&P 500, cap-weighted.

VOOGVanguard S&P 500 Growth ETF

S&P 500 Growth Index — ~240 growth-classified S&P 500 stocks. Heavy mega-cap tech weighting.

VOOG is a factor bet. It assumes growth stocks will continue to outperform value stocks. That bet has worked spectacularly since 2015, but the pre-2000 and 2000-2010 periods saw value dominate. Over 50-year horizons academic research generally shows value beating growth on a risk-adjusted basis — but the last 10 years has rewritten that narrative. VOO is the agnostic choice; VOOG is the growth bet.

Yield & distributions

VOO yields 1.2-1.5%; VOOG yields 0.6-0.8%. Growth stocks pay less in dividends, preferring to reinvest or buy back shares. If current income matters, VOO is the clear choice.

Total return & NAV

VOOG has outperformed VOO by roughly 2-4 percentage points annualized over the last decade. Over longer or pre-2015 windows, the comparison flips or is much closer. Future outperformance depends entirely on whether the growth regime continues.

Risk & volatility

VOO
Annualized volatility
1327.2%
NAV change (1Y)
+38.2%
VOOG
Annualized volatility
1710.8%
NAV change (1Y)
+49.3%

VOOG has higher volatility and deeper drawdowns than VOO. In the 2022 bear market, VOOG fell roughly 30% vs VOO's 18% — the growth tilt amplified the correction. In the 2023-2024 bull, VOOG led VOO by a wide margin. Expect bigger swings in both directions.

Tax treatment

Both are tax-efficient. VOOG's lower yield means less taxable income each year — a small but real advantage in taxable accounts for buy-and-hold investors.

VOO
Ordinary income~5%
Qualified dividends~95%
Return of capital~0%
Highly tax-efficient qualified dividends.
VOOG
Ordinary income~5%
Qualified dividends~95%
Return of capital~0%
Very low dividend yield — minimal tax drag.

Which should you pick?

You want to bet on growth factor outperformance
VOOG
Pure growth exposure. Has worked well for a decade; may or may not continue.
You want broad US equity with no factor bet
VOO
Holds both growth and value. Lets sector rotation happen inside the fund.
You want current income
VOO
Higher yield than VOOG. Growth stocks pay less.
You want lower expense ratio
VOO
0.03% vs 0.10%. Modest gap but real over decades.

FAQ

Is VOOG better than VOO?
Only in growth-led market regimes — which has been the case for the last decade. Over very long horizons the comparison is closer, and value has historically beaten growth on some academic metrics.
What stocks are in VOOG?
S&P 500 stocks classified as 'growth' based on sales growth, earnings-to-price change, and momentum. Heavy mega-cap tech: Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, Amazon, Alphabet, Meta typically dominate the top 10.
Can I hold both VOO and VOOG?
It would overweight the growth factor within a broader US equity allocation, since VOOG's stocks are already inside VOO. If you want this bet, it's cleaner to go 100% VOOG than to blend.
Does VOOG have higher risk?
Yes — higher volatility and deeper drawdowns than VOO, particularly in tech-led corrections.
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